Development and Usability Testing of an HPV Mobile Application
Introduction
Background. HPVcancerFree, a mobile app created as part of a multilevel study to increase uptake of HPV vaccination, targets parents of unvaccinated adolescents and teens. The theory-based app aims to increase awareness and knowledge of HPV while reducing perceived barriers to vaccine initiation.
Methods
After initially launching the app as part of a randomized controlled trial, usage data (visitor logs, page views, bounce rates, visit duration, and exit rates) were collected and analyzed in conjunction with data from a parent usability survey. Modifications, including the addition of infographics, an informational video, and push notifications, were then made to increase interactivity and provide cues to action. The modified app was tested for usability among parents by conducting cognitive interviews using think-aloud methodology and administering standardized surveys. The interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed along with the surveys to inform final adaptations of the app.
Results
Preliminary usage results showed that 72% of users did not return after initial use and 45% of users exited after viewing the home screen (n=355). Survey responses indicated that low follow-up usage was partially attributable to low interactivity and 40% of respondents noted “forgetting about the app” as a reason for not using the app. Results from the modified app usability testing showed improvements in both interactivity and utility. Inclusion of infographics and a video was noted for holding parent attention and the added notification system was considered practical and useful by parents. Additionally, the modified app scored highly in functionality, practicality, and visual appeal when analyzing survey results.
Conclusion
In both the interviews and surveys, the modified app was shown to be a useful source of information and reminders for parents with unvaccinated children. Results from this usability study can inform future development of cancer prevention and health promotion apps targeting the general public.